The Monty Hall problem illustrates a simple setting where intuition often leads to a solution different from formal reasoning. The situation is based on the game show Let's Make a Deal. First, Monty puts a prize behind one of three doors. Then the player chooses a door. Next, (without moving ...

In example 7.20, we showed how to simulate categorical data. But we might anticipate needing to do that frequently. If a SAS function weren't built in and an equivalent R function not available in a package, we could build them from scratch.SASThe SAS code is particularly tortured, since we must ...

Both SAS and R provide means of simulating categorical data (see section 1.10.4). Alternatively, it is trivial to write code to do this directly. In this entry, we show how to do it once. In a future entry, we'll demonstrate writing a SAS Macro (section A.8.1) and a function in R (...

When displaying contingency tables (section 2.3.1), there are times when it is useful to either show or hide the missing data category. Both SAS and the typical R command default to displaying the table only for observations where both factors are observed.In this example, we generate some multinomial data (section 1.10.4) ...