I was working on making a map in R recently and after an extensive search online, I found a hundred different ways to do it and yet each way didn't work quite right for my data and what I wanted to do. Eventually, I found a way to make it ... [Read more...]

In the [last post](http://rforpublichealth.blogspot.com/2015/03/basics-of-lists.html), I went over the basics of lists, including constructing, manipulating, and converting lists to other classes. Knowing the basics, in this post, we'll use the **apply()** functions to see just how powerful working with lists can be. I've done two ... [Read more...]

Lists are a data type in R that are perhaps a bit daunting at first, but soon become amazingly useful. They are especially wonderful once you combine them with the powers of the apply() functions. This post will be part 1 of a two-part series on the u... [Read more...]

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In the third and last of the ggplot series, this post will go over interesting ways to visualize the distribution of your data. [Read more...]

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R has many ways to store information.  Most of the time, our data comes in the form of a dataset, which we bring into R as a data.frame object. However, there are times when we want to use matrices as well. This post will show you how matrices can... [Read more...]

One of the big differences between a language like Stata compared to R is the ability in R to handle many different types of objects at once, and combine them together or pull them apart.  I had a post about objects last year, but I thought I'd sh... [Read more...]

Ah, the Central Limit Theorem.  The basis of much of statistical inference and how we get those 95% confidence intervals.  It's just so beautiful!  Lately, I have found myself looking up the normal distribution functions in R.  They... [Read more...]

I recently had to convert a dataset that I was working with from a wide format to a long format for my analysis.  I struggled with this a bit, but finally found the right sources and the right package to do it, so I thought I'd share my practical ... [Read more...]

I love R. I think it's intuitive and clever and overall a great language. But I do get really annoyed sometimes at the completely ridiculous, cryptic error messages it often gives me.  This post will go over some of those seemingly nonsensical err... [Read more...]

My experience when starting out in R was trying to clean and recode data using for() loops, usually with a few if() statements in the loop as well, and finding the whole thing complicated and frustrating.In this post, I'll go over how you can avoi... [Read more...]