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Pesticides

Michael
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Tractor fertilizes field pesticide and insecticide – CC-BY by Aqua Mechanical

Day 24 of 30DayMapChallenge: « Only circular shapes » (previously).

We’ll map the pesticides bought in France as a Dorling cartogram (Dorling 1996).

< section id="config" class="level1">

Config

library(readr)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(stringr)
library(ggplot2)
library(glue)
library(janitor)
library(sf)
library(fs)
library(cartogram)
library(ggrepel)
< section id="data" class="level1">

Data

Get the data from the Declarations of sales of plant protection products.

Select:

and wait to get the download link by mail.

# get french départements from 
# https://static.data.gouv.fr/resources/admin-express-cog-simplifiee-2024-metropole-drom-saint-martin-saint-barthelemy/20240930-094021/adminexpress-cog-simpl-000-2024.gpkg
dep <- read_sf("~/data/adminexpress/adminexpress-cog-simpl-000-2024.gpkg",
               layer = "departement") |> 
  filter(insee_reg > "06") |> 
  st_transform("EPSG:2154")

unzip("BNVD_TRACABILITE_20241124_102856_ACHAT_.zip", exdir = "bnvd")
bnvd <- dir_ls("bnvd",
               regexp = "ACHAT_CP_SUBSTANCE_(?!INDETERMINEE).*\\.csv$", 
               perl = TRUE) |> 
  read_delim(delim = ";",
             na = c("-", "nc", ""), 
             col_types = cols(code_sandre_substance = col_character())) |> 
  filter(code_postal_acheteur < "97000") 
dir_delete("bnvd")

The {cartogram} package is used to generate the circles.

# Adding pesticides info to the polygons
bnvd_dep <- dep |> 
  left_join(bnvd |> 
              group_by(code_departement_acheteur) |> 
              summarise(substance_kg = sum(quantite_substance, na.rm = TRUE)),
            join_by(insee_dep == code_departement_acheteur)) |> 
  mutate(w = 1 - (substance_kg / max(substance_kg))) 

bnvd_dorling_dep <- bnvd_dep |> 
  cartogram_dorling(weight = "substance_kg",
                    m_weight = bnvd_dep$w)
< section id="map" class="level1">

Map

bnvd_dorling_dep |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf(fill = "palevioletred2",
          color = "maroon4", 
          linewidth = 1) +
  geom_text_repel(aes(label = insee_dep, 
                      geometry = geom),
                  stat = "sf_coordinates", 
                  force = 0.001,
                  size = 3, 
                  color = "red4", 
                  bg.r = 0.1,
                  bg.color = "pink") +
  labs(title = "Pesticides bought in France",
       subtitle = "départements - 2022",
       caption = glue("https://r.iresmi.net/ - {Sys.Date()}
                      data: Substance weight - BNV-D (OFB)")) +
  theme_void() +
  theme(plot.caption = element_text(size = 6, color = "darkgrey"),
        text = element_text(color = "#ddd"),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey10", color = NA),
        plot.margin = unit(c(5, 5, 5, 5), "mm"))
Figure 1: Pesticides by département in France – 2022

In this figure, we map more than just the pesticides bought: the area and the agriculture type in the département are the main drivers of the circles size. Vineyards, orchards and field crops (cereals, beets,…) are the most intensive users of pesticides.

< !-- -->
< section class="quarto-appendix-contents" id="quarto-bibliography">

References

Dorling, Daniel. 1996. “Area Cartograms: Their Use and Creation.” Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, no. 59. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e9483f5-3e1c-4038-b10f-d09c5767c285.
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