Install from the Operating System’s repositories

This is the easiest option, you can install R from the standard repositories for your OS but those R versions are usually quite old, for example, Raspberry Pi OS comes with R 4.0.0 and Ubuntu 22.04 comes with R 4.1.2.

To install R with this option you just need to run this command in your system terminal:

sudo apt install r-base

This is fine if you just want to try R or do simple stuff with it but if you are going to work on a serious project, chances are you want to start with an up-to-date version of R instead.

Compile R from source

Another option is to compile the latest R version yourself (4.2.2 at the moment of writing) from the source code files, this is a time-consuming task and it might fill a little intimidating for newcomers but it gives you the most flexibility when it comes to setup compilation options, for example, you can choose options like compiling with BLAS and LAPACK to speed up matrix calculations.

You can compile R from source by running this script on a system terminal, it works for both Raspberry Pi OS and Ubuntu distributions:

sudo su
    
# Set the R version to install
R_VERSION=4.2.2

apt install -y g++ gcc gfortran libreadline-dev libx11-dev libxt-dev \
            libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libcairo2-dev xvfb \
            libbz2-dev libzstd-dev liblzma-dev libtiff5 \
            libssh-dev libgit2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev \
            libblas-dev liblapack-dev libopenblas-base \
            zlib1g-dev openjdk-11-jdk \
            texinfo texlive texlive-fonts-extra \
            screen wget libpcre2-dev make cmake
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://cran.rstudio.com/src/base/R-${R_VERSION:0:1}/R-$R_VERSION.tar.gz
tar zxvf R-$R_VERSION.tar.gz
cd R-$R_VERSION
./configure --enable-R-shlib --enable-memory-profiling --with-blas --with-lapack #BLAS and LAPACK are optional
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf R-$R_VERSION*
exit

Install R using rig

rig is an R installation manager that allows you to install multiple R versions side by side, recently, it has added support for Linux ARM64 systems trough the rstudio/r-builds GitHub repository, although, these builds are stated to be a community resource, they are not professionally supported by Posit. It currently supports only Ubuntu and Debian distributions (Raspberry Pi OS is based on Debian 11 so it is compatible too).

You can install rig in your system by running this command on a system terminal:

curl -Ls https://github.com/r-lib/rig/releases/download/latest/rig-linux-arm64-latest.tar.gz |
  sudo tar xz -C /usr/local

Then you can install the latest stable R version with these commands:

sudo rig add release # Or an specific version like 4.2.2
sudo rig default release

Optionally, you can manually download and install R from the rstudio/r-builds GitHub repository directly but this a more involved procedure only worthy if you are going to integrate this into your own infrastructure management workflow and you want to avoid the overhead of installing rig.

Install R from the R4Pi Project

And last but not least, my new favorite, you can install R from the R4Pi project through its deb repository, currently, only supports Raspberry Pi OS, both 32 and 64 bits, and possibly other Debian 11 based distributions like Ubuntu 18, but it is not guaranteed.

To add the R4Pi deb repository to your deb source list and install R run these commands on a system terminal:

curl -O  https://pkgs.r4pi.org/dl/r4pi-repo-conf_0.0.1-1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i  r4pi-repo-conf_0.0.1-1_all.deb
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install r4pi
rm r4pi-repo-conf_0.0.1-1_all.deb

The main benefit of the R4Pi project is that it also provides R package repositories with precompiled binaries for a big selection of R packages which greatly reduces the time and effort required to install R packages on the Raspberry Pi, and by the way, you can also use the R4Pi package repository with all the previous options just by setting the “repos” option in a .Rprofile file.

local({r <- getOption("repos")
       r["R4Pi"] <- "https://pkgs.r4pi.org/aarch64" # or "https://pkgs.r4pi.org/" for 32-bit systems
       r["CRAN"] <- "https://cran.rstudio.com/" # Secondary repository for when no binary is available
       options(repos=r)})