This blog post is a slight modification of the R package Vignette and shows how to use the Rcpp Armadillo version of the fastGLCM R package. The fastGLCM R package is an RcppArmadillo implementation of the Python Code for Fast Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix by numpy,

• Github repository of the Python code
• “Artifact-Free Thin Cloud Removal Using Gans” by Toizumi, Takahiro and Zini, Simone and Sagi, Kazutoshi and Kaneko, Eiji and Tsukada, Masato and Schettini, Raimondo in IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 3596-3600, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2019.8803652

The python version works similarly and is included as an R6 class (see the documentation of fastglcm). However, it requires a python configuration in the user’s operating system and additionally the installation of the reticulate R package.

For the theoretical background of the Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Textures the user can consult an existing Tutorial of the University of Calgary.

Sample Satellite Imagery

The fastGLCM R package includes an ALOS-3 simulation image from JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) in compressed format (.zip) around Joso City, Ibaraki Prefecture from September 11, 2015, that will be used in this blog-post for illustration purposes.

Both fastGLCM versions of the R package take a 2-dimensional object as input (numeric matrix) and it is required that the range of pixel values are between 0 and 255,

require(fastGLCM)
#> Loading required package: fastGLCM
require(OpenImageR)
#> Loading required package: OpenImageR
require(utils)

temp_dir = tempdir(check = FALSE)
# temp_dir

zip_file = system.file('images', 'JAXA_Joso-City2_PAN.tif.zip', package = "fastGLCM")
utils::unzip(zip_file, exdir = temp_dir)
path_extracted = file.path(temp_dir, 'JAXA_Joso-City2_PAN.tif')

im = readImage(path = path_extracted)
dim(im)
#> [1] 1555 1414

imageShow(im)

To decrease the computation time the initial width and height will be reduced to 500,

#....................................................
# the pixel values will be adjusted between 0 and 255
#....................................................

im = resizeImage(im, 500, 500, 'nearest')
im = OpenImageR::norm_matrix_range(im, 0, 255)

#---------------------------------
# computation of all GLCM features
#---------------------------------

methods = c('mean',
            'std',
            'contrast',
            'dissimilarity',
            'homogeneity',
            'ASM',
            'energy',
            'max',
            'entropy')

res_glcm = fastGLCM_Rcpp(data = im,
                         methods = methods,
                         levels = 8,
                         kernel_size = 5,
                         distance = 1.0,
                         angle = 0.0,
                         threads = 1,
                         verbose = TRUE)
#> Elapsed time: 0 hours and 0 minutes and 1 seconds.

if (file.exists(path_extracted)) file.remove(path_extracted)
#> [1] TRUE

str(res_glcm)
#> List of 9
#>  $ mean         : num [1:500, 1:500] 0.578 0.766 0.953 0.938 0.938 ...
#>  $ std          : num [1:500, 1:500] 28.3 40 51.8 59.5 59.5 ...
#>  $ contrast     : num [1:500, 1:500] 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 4 4 4 ...
#>  $ dissimilarity: num [1:500, 1:500] 2 2 2 0 0 1 2 4 4 4 ...
#>  $ homogeneity  : num [1:500, 1:500] 8 11 14 15 15 14.5 14 13 13 13 ...
#>  $ ASM          : num [1:500, 1:500] 51 102 171 225 225 147 107 73 73 73 ...
#>  $ energy       : num [1:500, 1:500] 7.14 10.1 13.08 15 15 ...
#>  $ max          : num [1:500, 1:500] 7 10 13 15 15 12 10 8 8 8 ...
#>  $ entropy      : num [1:500, 1:500] 8.59 8.49 8.42 8.07 8.07 ...

The output matrices based on the selected methods (mean, std, contrast, dissimilarity, homogeneity, ASM, energy, max, entropy) can be visualized in a multi-plot,

plot_multi_images(list_images = res_glcm,
                  par_ROWS = 2,
                  par_COLS = 5,
                  titles = methods)

Credits:

• The ALOS-3 simulation image is based on the sample product provided by JAXA. Please, read the terms of use for this sample product

Package Installation & Citation:

To install the package from CRAN use,

install.packages("fastGLCM")

and to download the latest version of the package from Github,

remotes::install_github('mlampros/fastGLCM')

If you use the fastGLCM R package in your paper or research please cite both fastGLCM and the original articles / software https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/fastGLCM/citation.html:

@Manual{,
  title = {fastGLCM: Fast Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix computation (GLCM) using R},
  author = {Lampros Mouselimis},
  year = {2022},
  note = {R package version 1.0.0},
  url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fastGLCM},
}