Some sneakily cool features made it into the JuliaCall v0.17.2 CRAN release. With the latest version there is now an install_julia function for automatically installing Julia. This makes Julia a great high performance back end for R packages. For example, the following is an example from the diffeqr package that will work, even without Julia installed:

install.packages("diffeqr")
library(diffeqr)
de <- diffeqr::diffeq_setup()
 
lorenz <- function (u,p,t){
  du1 = p[1]*(u[2]-u[1])
  du2 = u[1]*(p[2]-u[3]) - u[2]
  du3 = u[1]*u[2] - p[3]*u[3]
  c(du1,du2,du3)
}
u0 <- c(1.0,1.0,1.0)
tspan <- c(0.0,100.0)
p <- c(10.0,28.0,8/3)
prob <- de$ODEProblem(lorenz,u0,tspan,p)
fastprob <- diffeqr::jitoptimize_ode(de,prob)
sol <- de$solve(fastprob,de$Tsit5(),saveat=0.01)

Under the hood it's using the DifferentialEquations.jl package and the SciML stack, but it's abstracted from users so much that Julia is essentially an alternative to Rcpp with easier interactive development. The following example really brings the seamless integration home:

install.packages(diffeqr)
library(diffeqr)
de <- diffeqr::diffeq_setup()
degpu <- diffeqr::diffeqgpu_setup()
 
lorenz <- function (u,p,t){
  du1 = p[1]*(u[2]-u[1])
  du2 = u[1]*(p[2]-u[3]) - u[2]
  du3 = u[1]*u[2] - p[3]*u[3]
  c(du1,du2,du3)
}
u0 <- c(1.0,1.0,1.0)
tspan <- c(0.0,100.0)
p <- c(10.0,28.0,8/3)
prob <- de$ODEProblem(lorenz,u0,tspan,p)
fastprob <- diffeqr::jitoptimize_ode(de,prob)
 
prob_func <- function (prob,i,rep){
  de$remake(prob,u0=runif(3)*u0,p=runif(3)*p)
}
ensembleprob = de$EnsembleProblem(fastprob, prob_func = prob_func, safetycopy=FALSE)
sol <- de$solve(ensembleprob,de$Tsit5(),degpu$EnsembleGPUArray(),trajectories=10000,saveat=0.01)

This example does the following:

1. Automatically installs Julia
2. Automatically installs DifferentialEquations.jl
3. Automatically installs CUDA (via CUDA.jl)
4. Automatically installs ModelingToolkit.jl and DiffEqGPU.jl
5. JIT transpiles the R function to Julia via ModelingToolkit
6. Uses KernelAbstractions (in DiffEqGPU) to generate a CUDA kernel from the Julia code
7. Solves the ODE 10,000 times with different parameters 350x over deSolve

What a complicated code! Well maybe it would shock you to know that the source code for the diffeqr package is only 150 lines of code. Of course, it's powered by a lot of Julia magic in the backend, and so can your next package. For more details, see the big long post about differential equation solving in R with Julia.

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