elastic – Elasticsearch for R
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elastic is an R client for Elasticsearch
elastic has been around since 2013, with the first commit in November, 2013.
sidebar – 'elastic' was picked as a package named before the company now known as Elastic changed their name to Elastic.
What is Elasticsearch?
If you aren't familiar with Elasticsearch, it is a distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine. It's similar to Solr. It falls in the NoSQL bin of databases, holding data in JSON documents, instead of rows and columns. Elasticsearch has a concept of index, similar to a database in SQL-land. You can hold many documents of similar type within a single index. There is powerful search capabilities, including lots of different types of queries that can be done separately or combined. And best of all it's super fast.
Other clients
The Elastic company maintains some official clients, including the Python client elasticsearch-py, and it's higher level DSL client elasticsearch-dsl.
I won't talk much about it, but we have slowly been working on an R equivalent of the Python DSL client, called elasticdsl, for a human friendly way to compose Elasticsearch queries.
Vignettes
Check out the elastic introduction vignette and the search vignette to get started.
Noteable features
elastichas nearly complete coverage of the Elasticsearch HTTP API. If there's anything missing you need in this client, let us know! Check out the features label for features we plan to add to the package.- We fail well. This is important to us. We allow the user to choose simple errors
to just give e.g., 404 HTTP error, or complex errors, including full stack trace
from Elasticsearch in addition to the HTTP errror. We strive to fail well when
users give the wrong type of input, etc. as well. Let us know if
elasticis not failing well! - We strive to allow R centric ways of interacting with Elasticsearch. For example,
in the function
docs_bulk, our interface to the Elasticsearch bulk API we make it easy to create documents in your Elasticsearch instance from R lists, data.frame's and from bulk format files on disk. elasticworks with most versions of Elasticsearch. We run the test suite on 11 versions of Elasticsearch, fromv1.0.0up tov5.5.0. We strive to fail well with useful messages when there is a feature no longer available or one that is a new feature and not available in previous Elasticsearch versions.- Search inputs are flexible: lists and JSON strings both work.
- Arguably, a noteable feature is that this client has been around nearly 4 years, so we've surfaced and squashed many bugs.
Getting help
- If you have a bug or a feature request, post it in the repo at https://github.com/ropensci/elastic/issues
- Stackoverflow: Check out combination of the tags
[elasticsearch]and[r]https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/elasticsearch+r - Reach out to me on Twitter at @sckottie
- Post question/problem in the rOpenSci discussion forum
- Email me directly
Setup
Install elastic
install.packages("elastic")
Or get the development version:
devtools::install_github("ropensci/elastic")
library(elastic)
I'm running Elasticsearch version:
ping()$version$number #> [1] "5.4.0"
Examples
Initialize a client
Using connect()
elastic::connect() #> transport: http #> host: 127.0.0.1 #> port: 9200 #> path: NULL #> username: NULL #> password: <secret> #> errors: simple #> headers (names): NULL
By default, you connect to localhost and port 9200. There's paramaters
for setting transport schema, username, password, and base search path (e.g.,
_search or something else).
See bottom of post about possible changes in connections.
Get some data
Elasticsearch has a bulk load API to load data in fast. The format is pretty weird
though. It's sort of JSON, but would pass no JSON linter. I include a few data
sets in elastic so it's easy to get up and running, and so when you run examples
in this package they'll actually run the same way (hopefully).
Public Library of Science (PLOS) data
A dataset inluded in the elastic package is metadata for PLOS scholarly articles.
Get the file path, then load:
plosdat <- system.file("examples", "plos_data.json", package = "elastic")
invisible(docs_bulk(plosdat))
Search
The main search function is Search(). Running it without any inputs searches
across all indices - in this case only the plos index.
Search() #> $took #> [1] 1 #> #> $timed_out #> [1] FALSE #> #> $`_shards` #> $`_shards`$total #> [1] 5 #> #> $`_shards`$successful #> [1] 5 #> #> $`_shards`$failed #> [1] 0 ...
Search just the plos index and only return 1 result
Search(index = "plos", size = 1)$hits$hits #> [[1]] #> [[1]]$`_index` #> [1] "plos" #> #> [[1]]$`_type` #> [1] "article" #> #> [[1]]$`_id` #> [1] "0" #> #> [[1]]$`_score` #> [1] 1 #> #> [[1]]$`_source` #> [[1]]$`_source`$id #> [1] "10.1371/journal.pone.0007737" #> #> [[1]]$`_source`$title #> [1] "Phospholipase C-β4 Is Essential for the Progression of the Normal Sleep Sequence and Ultradian Body Temperature Rhythms in Mice"
Search the plos index, and the article document type, sort by title, and query for antibody, limit to 1 result.
First, with Elasticsearch v5 and greater, we need to set fielddata = true if we want to search on or sort on a text field.
mapping_create("plos", "article", update_all_types = TRUE, body = '{
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text",
"fielddata": true
}
}
}')
#> $acknowledged
#> [1] TRUE
Search(index = "plos", type = "article", sort = "title", q = "antibody", size = 1)$hits$hits
#> [[1]]
#> [[1]]$`_index`
#> [1] "plos"
#>
#> [[1]]$`_type`
#> [1] "article"
#>
#> [[1]]$`_id`
#> [1] "568"
#>
#> [[1]]$`_score`
#> NULL
#>
#> [[1]]$`_source`
#> [[1]]$`_source`$id
#> [1] "10.1371/journal.pone.0085002"
#>
#> [[1]]$`_source`$title
#> [1] "Evaluation of 131I-Anti-Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody as a Reporter for Hepatocellular Carcinoma"
#>
#>
#> [[1]]$sort
#> [[1]]$sort[[1]]
#> [1] "1"
Get documents
Get document with id=1
docs_get(index = 'plos', type = 'article', id = 1) #> $`_index` #> [1] "plos" #> #> $`_type` #> [1] "article" #> #> $`_id` #> [1] "1" #> #> $`_version` #> [1] 1 #> #> $found #> [1] TRUE #> #> $`_source` #> $`_source`$id #> [1] "10.1371/journal.pone.0098602" #> #> $`_source`$title #> [1] "Population Genetic Structure of a Sandstone Specialist and a Generalist Heath Species at Two Levels of Sandstone Patchiness across the Strait of Gibraltar"
Get certain fields
docs_get(index = 'plos', type = 'article', id = 1, fields = 'id') #> $`_index` #> [1] "plos" #> #> $`_type` #> [1] "article" #> #> $`_id` #> [1] "1" #> #> $`_version` #> [1] 1 #> #> $found #> [1] TRUE
Raw JSON data
You can optionally get back raw JSON from many functions by setting parameter raw=TRUE.
For example, get raw JSON, then parse with jsonlite
(out <- docs_mget(index = "plos", type = "article", id = 5:6, raw = TRUE))
#> [1] "{\"docs\":[{\"_index\":\"plos\",\"_type\":\"article\",\"_id\":\"5\",\"_version\":1,\"found\":true,\"_source\":{\"id\":\"10.1371/journal.pone.0085123\",\"title\":\"MiR-21 Is under Control of STAT5 but Is Dispensable for Mammary Development and Lactation\"}},{\"_index\":\"plos\",\"_type\":\"article\",\"_id\":\"6\",\"_version\":1,\"found\":true,\"_source\":{\"id\":\"10.1371/journal.pone.0098600\",\"title\":\"Correction: Designing Mixed Species Tree Plantations for the Tropics: Balancing Ecological Attributes of Species with Landholder Preferences in the Philippines\"}}]}"
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "elastic_mget"
jsonlite::fromJSON(out)
#> $docs
#> _index _type _id _version found _source.id
#> 1 plos article 5 1 TRUE 10.1371/journal.pone.0085123
#> 2 plos article 6 1 TRUE 10.1371/journal.pone.0098600
#> _source.title
#> 1 MiR-21 Is under Control of STAT5 but Is Dispensable for Mammary Development and Lactation
#> 2 Correction: Designing Mixed Species Tree Plantations for the Tropics: Balancing Ecological Attributes of Species with Landholder Preferences in the Philippines
Aggregation search
Here, we'll use another dataset that comes with the package on Shakespeare plays.
gbifdat <- system.file("examples", "gbif_data.json", package = "elastic")
invisible(docs_bulk(gbifdat))
Define an aggregation query:
aggs <- '{
"aggs": {
"latbuckets" : {
"histogram" : {
"field" : "decimalLatitude",
"interval" : 5
}
}
}
}'
Search the gbif index
res <- Search(index = "gbif", body = aggs, size = 0)$aggregations$latbuckets$buckets
do.call("rbind.data.frame", res)
#> key doc_count
#> 2 -35 1
#> 22 -30 0
#> 3 -25 0
#> 4 -20 0
#> 5 -15 0
#> 6 -10 0
#> 7 -5 1
#> 8 0 0
#> 9 5 0
#> 10 10 0
#> 11 15 0
#> 12 20 0
#> 13 25 4
#> 14 30 2
#> 15 35 3
#> 16 40 2
#> 17 45 66
#> 18 50 183
#> 19 55 487
#> 20 60 130
#> 21 65 20
Scrolling search - instead of paging
When you want all the documents, your best bet is likely to be scrolling search.
Here's an example. First, use Search(), setting a value for the scroll parameter.
res1 <- Search(index = 'shakespeare', scroll = "1m")
You get a scroll ID back when setting the scroll parameter
res1$`_scroll_id` #> [1] "DnF1ZXJ5VGhlbkZldGNoBQAAAAAAAAElFnZ2X3FJVWEyUU1HQjl2cFpWUFl0cXcAAAAAAAABJBZ2dl9xSVVhMlFNR0I5dnBaVlBZdHF3AAAAAAAAAScWdnZfcUlVYTJRTUdCOXZwWlZQWXRxdwAAAAAAAAEmFnZ2X3FJVWEyUU1HQjl2cFpWUFl0cXcAAAAAAAABIxZ2dl9xSVVhMlFNR0I5dnBaVlBZdHF3"
Use a while loop to get all results
out1 <- list()
hits <- 1
while (hits != 0) {
tmp1 <- scroll(scroll_id = res1$`_scroll_id`)
hits <- length(tmp1$hits$hits)
if (hits > 0) {
out1 <- c(out1, tmp1$hits$hits)
}
}
Woohoo! Collected all 1 documents in very little time.
Now, get _source from each document:
docs <- lapply(out1, "[[", "_source") length(docs) #> [1] 4988 vapply(docs[1:10], "[[", "", "text_entry") #> [1] "Without much shame retold or spoken of." #> [2] "For more uneven and unwelcome news" #> [3] "And shape of likelihood, the news was told;" #> [4] "Mordake the Earl of Fife, and eldest son" #> [5] "It is a conquest for a prince to boast of." #> [6] "Amongst a grove, the very straightest plant;" #> [7] "That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged" #> [8] "Then would I have his Harry, and he mine." #> [9] "This is his uncles teaching; this is Worcester," #> [10] "Malevolent to you in all aspects;"
Bulk documents
You've already seen the bulk docs API in action above. Above though, we were
using docs_bulk.character - where the input is a character string that's a
file path.
Here, I'll describe briefly how you can insert any data.frame as documents in your
Elasticsearch instance. We'll use the diamonds dataset from the ~54K row ggplot2
package.
#> $acknowledged
#> [1] TRUE
library(ggplot2)
invisible(docs_bulk(diamonds, "diam"))
#> |==================================| 100%
Search("diam")$hits$total
#> [1] 47375
That's pretty easy! This function is used a lot, particularly with data.frame's - so we get many questions/feedback on this so it will just keep getting better/faster.
TO DO
Connections
We're planning to roll out changes in how you connect to Elasticsearch from elastic.
Right now, you can only connect to one Elasticsearch instance per R session -
your details are set and then recalled internally in each function. We plan to change
this to instantiate a client and then you either call functions on the client
(e.g., using R6) or pass the client object onto functions.
Checkout issue #87 to follow progress or discuss.
Move to using crul for http
crul is a relatively new R http client - and has async baked in - as well as mocking.
Development should be easier with it as I can mock requests for test suites, and
allow users to toggle async more easily.
Call to action
We can use your help! Elasticsearch development moves pretty fast - we'd love this client to work with every single Elasticsearch version to the extent possible - and we'd love to squash every bug and solve every feature request fast.
If you need to use Elasticsearch from R, please try out elastic!
- Report bugs!
- File feature requests!
- Send PR's!
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