Are you lazy? No worries, tadaatoolbox got your back.
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A while ago, we started developing the tadaatoolbox R package.
The goal is simple: There are certain things we tend to always do one after another, like performing effect size calculations after a t-Test.
The convenience tadaatoolbox aims to provide is exactly this: Do the usual stuff and leave me alone.
As an example, take one of the first functions I wrote for the package, tadaa_t.test
:
tadaa_t.test(data = ngo, response = stunzahl, group = geschl)
Männlich | Weiblich | t | p | df | conf_low | conf_high | method | alternative | d | power |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
33.616 | 33.664 | -0.108 | 0.91 | 248 | -0.92 | 0.824 | Two Sample t-test | two.sided | 0.014 | 0.051 |
What happened here?
Let’s take a look step by step:
- We took the values you provided: A dataset (the infamous
ngo
data), the response or dependent variable and the group or independent variable - We performed a regular ol’ t-Test via the common R function
t.test
- We calculated the effect size using an internal function that’s also available in the package, see
?effect_size_t
- We calculated the power of the test via the
pwr
package - We tidied it up a bit using the
pixiedust
package (no, seriously) to make everything a little nicer - And finally, we returned a neat table to the console.
Notable bonus features:
- Remember how we didn’t bother to check for heteroskedasticity / homogenity of variance? That’s because the function does that under the hood and uses the appropriate setting for
var.equal
. MIND = BLOWN - The print method is customizable, and if you use the function in an RMarkdown document, you can specify
print = "markdown"
to return a markdown table so knitr can render it to a neat table, just like in this blogpost - The power calculation notices which type of t-Test is called and calculates power for the specific test
- The effect size is also aware of the test type, and calculated via the bonus feature function
effect_size_t
Pretty neat, hm? Yeah.
Next up in the convenience department we have our old friend, the ANOVA.
We’re not digging too deep into the post-hoc area as we did with the t-Test, and we also don’t bother testing for the prerequisites, but we do at least give you effect sizes.
tadaa_aov(stunzahl ~ geschl, data = ngo)
term | df | sumsq | meansq | F | p.value | part.eta.sq | cohens.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
geschl | 1 | 0.144 | 0.144 | 0.012 | 0.91 | 0 | 0.007 |
Residuals | 248 | 3037.456 | 12.248 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Or for two predictors:
tadaa_aov(stunzahl ~ geschl * jahrgang, data = ngo)
term | df | sumsq | meansq | F | p.value | part.eta.sq | cohens.f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
geschl | 1 | 0.144 | 0.144 | 0.015 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.008 |
jahrgang | 2 | 536.28 | 268.14 | 27.203 | < 0.001 | 0.182 | 0.472 |
geschl:jahrgang | 2 | 96.056 | 48.028 | 4.872 | < 0.01 | 0.038 | 0.2 |
Residuals | 244 | 2405.12 | 9.857 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Notice how we give you both the partial eta^2 and Cohen’s f. The latter is used for power calculations in software like G*Power as well as the pwr
package in R, while the former is generally used as an interpretable effect size, at least according to my stats class.
And lastly, we give you a simple template to create interaction plots with tadaa_int
.
Building your own interaction plots with ggplot2
is kind of annoying, since you have to group/summarize your data beforehand and then write two relatively complex ggplots. tadaa_int
does the work for you, and if you choose grid = FALSE
, it returns a list of two ggplot2
objects which you can save and modify as you wish with custom scale_*
or theme
components. If you choose grid = TRUE
, the plots are arranged horizontally and printed as one image, which should probably be sufficient for most use case, especially in interactive use for explorative purposes.
tadaa_int(data = ngo, response = stunzahl, group1 = jahrgang, group2 = geschl, grid = TRUE)
I’m considering exposing more arguments to the user, e.g. the arrangement (horizontal vs. vertical), or the shape
of the geom_point
used for the response
means, but if you’re into that much customization, you’re probably more than comfortable with building the plot yourself anyway.
An additional plotting bonus is Tobi’s tadaa_heatmap
, a simple template for heatmaps:
tadaa_heatmap(ngo, stunzahl, leistung, jahrgang)
Lazy wrappers
In the “minor conveniences” department, we have a bunch of wrappers for common statistics. The statistics themselves are usually calculated by base R or the packages vcd
or ryouready
, but they’re tweaked so they’re comfortable for use with dplyr
and other tidy data functions in that they only ever return a single (usually numeric) value, which makes it easy to use them in summarize
or mutate
.
The functions are listed below:
modus
: A simple function to extract the mode of a frequency table.- This is will return a character string denoting multiple values, if applicable!
nom_chisqu
: Simple wrapper forchisq.test
that produces a single value.nom_phi
: Simple wrapper forvcd::assocstats
to extract phi.nom_v
: Simple wrapper forvcd::assocstats
to extract Cramer’s V.nom_c
: Simple wrapper forvcd::assocstats
to extract the contingency coefficient c.nom_lambda
: Simple wrapper forryouready::nom.lambda
to extract appropriate lambda.ord_gamma
: Simple wrapper forryouready::ord.gamma
.ord_somers_d
: Simple wrapper forryouready::ord.somers.d
.
A side effect of having written all these wrappers is that we can now also provide easy functions to calculate all the stats relevant for a specific scale (nominal & ordinal):
tadaa_nom(ngo$abschalt, ngo$geschl)
Chi^2 | Cramer’s V | c | Lambda (x dep.) | Lambda (y dep.) | Lambda (sym.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5.35 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.09 |
tadaa_ord(ngo$abschalt, ngo$geschl)
Gamma | Somers’ D (x dep.) | Somers’ D (y dep.) | Somers’ D (sym.) |
---|---|---|---|
-0.29 | -0.15 | -0.15 | -0.15 |
Like previous tadaa_*
-functions, these take a print
argument so you can easily include them in RMarkdown documents by setting print = "markdown"
.
Please note that I’m aware it’s suboptimal to just calculate all the stats, presumably to pick and choose which fits your needs best, but keep in mind that the intention of this package is to make teaching easier and provide convenient tools to communicate stats, so yes, if you’re currently working on a real science thing, this is all just fun and games.
It’s the little things
And at last, there’s a couple little functions I wrote primarily because I found myself writing the same few lines multiple times and thought “there should be a easier way to do this”… which is, coincidentally, pretty much the story behind everything in this package. Well.
generate_recodes
: To produce recode assignments forcar::recode
for evenly sequenced clusters.interval_labels
: To produce labels for clusters created bycut
.tadaa_likertize
: Reduce a range of values ton
classes (methodologically wonky).delet_na
: Customizable way to dropNA
observations from a dataset.labels_to_factor
: If you mix and matchsjPlot
,haven
andggplot2
, you might need to translatelabels
tofactors
, which is precisely what this functions does. Drop indata.frame
withlabel
, receivedata.frame
withfactors
.drop_labels
: If you subset alabelled
dataset, you might end up with labels that have no values with them. This function will drop the now unusedlabels
.pval_string
: Shamalessly adapted frompixiedust::pvalString
, this will format a p-value as a character string in commonp < 0.001
notation and so on. The difference from thepixiedust
version is that this function will also printp < 0.05
.
Also, since I really like the rmdformats::readthedown
RMarkdown template, I made a few tweaks to a ggplot2
theme to match the template, you can use it by adding + theme_readthedown()
to your ggplots.
It’s a little brighter and let’s you choose which axis (x, y, both) to emphasize visually.
tadaa_int(ngo, stunzahl, jahrgang, geschl, grid = F)[[1]] + theme_readthedown(axis_emph = "y")
For everything I missed, there’s our vignette.
Conclusion
This is it. The upcoming version (0.10
) is going to be ready for CRAN soon, while 0.9
is already available.
Try it and submit issues and feature requests as much as you want.
The next neat feature is probably going to be a tadaa_normtest
function that gives you an easy way to perform tests for normality over subgroups.
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Update 2016-08-19 12:51
As of last night, v0.10.0 is live on CRAN, and it brought the promised tadaa_normtest
with options for our favorite tests for normality: Anderson-Darling, Shapiro-Wilk, Pearson’s χ² and even that Kolmogorov-Smirnov one you shouldn’t really use.
See the full release notes on GitHub.
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