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SP_EXECUTE_EXTERNAL_SCRIPT is a stored procedure that execute provided script as argument on external script to a provided language (in this case R language). To enable normal function of this external stored procedure, you must have administrator access to your SQL Server instance in order to run sp_configure command (and set following configuration):
EXECUTE sp_configure; GO
To enable execution of external script add an argument:
EXECUTE sp_configure 'external scripts enabled', 1; GO
And after that run the reconfiguration as:
RECONFIGURE; GO
This is a standard procedure to do so, also described on BOL for running sp_execute_external_script.
But I have seen too many people struggling with this; after running this reconfigure on sp_configure they still get run value for external scripts enabled set to 0.
Which literally means that execution of R script will not work.
In this case go to services and restart service: SQL Server Launchpad (SQLSERVER).
And this will take affect that run_value will be set to 1.
Enjoy coding T-SQL and R.
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