This Wednesday’s Powerball grand prize already climbed up to $1.5 BILLION. If you choose to cash out, it would be $930 million. And it keeps increasing…
So, what’s the odd of winning the jackpot prize?
Here is the game rule according to Powerball.com:

…we draw five white balls out of a drum with 69 balls and one red ball out of a drum with 26 red balls.

We can calculate the total number of different combinations in R:

> choose(69,5)*26
[1] 292201338

If we are super super lucky to win the Jackpot of $930 million cash value, given that we have to pay 39.6% as federal tax, how much we expect to return for a $2 investment? (Of course, everyone expect to win the $1.5 billion jackpot)

> 930e9*(1-0.396)/(choose(69,5)*26)
[1] 1922.373

This is a pretty good investment, comparing to the $40 million last week. But we know it’s not 100% guaranteed.
If we want to be 100% guaranteed, we have to buy all 292 million combinations. In that case, can we earn?

# this is what we pay
> choose(69,5)*26*2
[1] 584,402,676

# this is what we earn in total, before tax
> 930000000 + 1000000*choose(25,1) + 50000*choose(69-5,1) + 100*choose(5,4)*choose(69-5,1)*choose(25,1) + 100*choose(5,3)*choose(69-5,2) + 7*choose(5,3)*choose(69-5,2)*choose(25,1) + 7*choose(5,2)*choose(69-5,3) + 4*choose(5,1)*choose(69-5,4) + 4*choose(69-5,5)
[1] 1,010,666,048

# Nearly $5 billion!!! Then we need to pay 40% of tax. Maybe not for the minor prize, let's simplify it for all.
> 1010666048 * (1-0.396)
[1] 610,442,293

That’s still more than what we paid. Why don’t we do that?
Remember, people share the prize if multiple persons got the same winning number, which we don’t know. 😀
Just some fun!
🙂

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References:
1. Fascinating Math Behind Why You Won’t Win Powerball (http://www.wired.com/2016/01/the-fascinating-math-behind-why-you-wont-win-powerball/)
2. Tax for lottery (http://classroom.synonym.com/much-federal-taxes-held-lottery-winnings-20644.html)