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This post will discuss a recent GitHub package I’m working on, wakefield to generate random data sets.
The post is broken into the following sections:
- Demo
1.1 Random Variable Functions
1.2 Random Data Frames
1.3 Missing Values
1.4 Default Data Set - Future Direction
- Getting Involved
You can view just the R code HERE or PDF version HERE
One of my more popular blog posts, Function To Generate A Random Data Set, was an early post about generating random data sets. Basically I had created a function to generate a random data set of various types of continuous and categorical columns. Optionally, the user could assign a certain percentage of cells in each column to missing values (NA). Often I find myself generating random data sets to test code/functions/models out on but rarely do I use that original random data generator. Why?
- For one it’s not in a package so it’s not handy
- It generates too many unrelated columns
Recently I had an idea inspired by Richie Cotton’s rebus and Kevin Ushey & Jim Hester’s rex regex based packages. Basically, these packages allow the user to utilize many little human readable regular expression chunks to build a larger desired regular expression. I thought, why not apply this concept to building a random data set. I’d make mini, modular random variable generating functions that the user passes to a data.frame like function and the result is a quick data set just as desired. I also like the way dplyr makes a tbl_df that prints only a few rows and limits the number of columns. So I made the output a tbl_df object and print accordingly.
1 Demo
1.1 Random Variable Functions
First we’ll use the pacman package to grab and load the wakefield package from GitHub.
if (!require("pacman")) install.packages("pacman"); library(pacman)
p_load_gh("trinker/wakefield")
Then we’ll look at a random variable generating function.
race(n=10) ## [1] White White White Black White Hispanic Black ## [8] Asian Hispanic White ## Levels: White Hispanic Black Asian Bi-Racial Native Other Hawaiian attributes(race(n=10)) ## $levels ## [1] "White" "Hispanic" "Black" "Asian" "Bi-Racial" "Native" ## [7] "Other" "Hawaiian" ## ## $class ## [1] "variable" "factor" ## ## $varname ## [1] "Race"
A few more…
sex(10) ## [1] Male Female Male Male Male Female Male Male Male Male ## Levels: Male Female likert_7(10) ## [1] Strongly Agree Strongly Agree Neutral ## [4] Somewhat Agree Disagree Disagree ## [7] Somewhat Disagree Neutral Strongly Agree ## [10] Agree ## 7 Levels: Strongly Disagree < Disagree < ... < Strongly Agree gpa(10) ## [1] 3.00 3.67 2.67 3.33 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.67 3.00 dna(10) ## [1] "Adenine" "Thymine" "Thymine" "Thymine" "Adenine" "Cytosine" ## [7] "Guanine" "Thymine" "Thymine" "Guanine" string(10, length = 5) ## [1] "L3MPu" "tyTgQ" "mqBWh" "uGnch" "6KKZC" "DdLrw" "t2lEJ" "Hir6Y" ## [9] "eE4v9" "oPb4u"
1.2 Random Data Frames
Ok so modular chunks great…but they get more powerful inside of the r_data_frame function. The user only needs to supply n once and the column names are auto-generated by the function (can be specified with name = prefix as usual). The call parenthesis are not even needed if no other arguments are passed.
set.seed(10)
r_data_frame(
n = 500,
id,
race,
age,
smokes,
marital,
Start = hour,
End = hour,
iq,
height,
died
)
## Source: local data frame [500 x 10]
##
## ID Race Age Smokes Marital Start End IQ Height
## 1 001 White 33 FALSE Married 00:00:00 00:00:00 95 62
## 2 002 White 35 FALSE Never Married 00:00:00 00:00:00 94 69
## 3 003 White 33 FALSE Separated 00:00:00 00:00:00 112 71
## 4 004 Hispanic 24 FALSE Married 00:00:00 00:00:00 97 65
## 5 005 White 21 FALSE Never Married 00:00:00 00:00:00 89 74
## 6 006 White 28 FALSE Married 00:00:00 00:00:00 93 67
## 7 007 White 22 FALSE Married 00:00:00 00:00:00 113 66
## 8 008 White 21 FALSE Never Married 00:00:00 00:00:00 115 69
## 9 009 White 23 FALSE Divorced 00:00:00 00:00:00 85 74
## 10 010 White 34 FALSE Divorced 00:00:00 00:00:00 110 71
## .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
## Variables not shown: Died (lgl)
This r_data_frame is pretty awesome and not my own. Josh O’Brien wrote the function as seen HERE. Pretty nifty trick. Josh thank you for your help with bringing to fruition the concept.
1.3 Missing Values
The original blog post provided a means for adding missing values. wakefield keeps this alive and adds more flexibility. It is no longer a part of the data generation process but a function, r_na, that is called after the data set has been generated. The user can specify which columns to add NAs to. By default column 1 is excluded. This works nicely within a dplyr/magrittr pipe line. Note: dpyr has an id function ad well so the prefix wakedfield:: must be used for id.
p_load(dplyr)
set.seed(10)
r_data_frame(
n = 30,
id,
state,
month,
sat,
minute,
iq,
zip_code,
year,
Scoring = rnorm,
Smoker = valid,
sentence
) %>%
r_na(prob=.25)
## Source: local data frame [30 x 11]
##
## ID State Month SAT Minute IQ Zip Year Scoring Smoker
## 1 01 Georgia July 1315 00:03:00 106 NA NA NA NA
## 2 02 Florida February 1492 00:04:00 107 87108 2007 0.64350004 TRUE
## 3 03 Ohio March 1597 83 58653 2012 -1.36030614 TRUE
## 4 04 NA November 1518 00:07:00 NA 50381 1999 -0.19850611 TRUE
## 5 05 California June 1362 00:08:00 111 58123 1996 NA FALSE
## 6 06 New York September 1356 87 18479 2010 2.06820961 TRUE
## 7 07 NA NA NA 111 97135 2007 -0.30528475 FALSE
## 8 08 Florida December 1324 00:15:00 NA 99438 2010 0.28124561 TRUE
## 9 09 Washington NA 1468 00:16:00 97 97135 1996 NA TRUE
## 10 10 Ohio July NA 00:20:00 NA 58123 2014 0.04636144 NA
## .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
## Variables not shown: Sentence (chr)
1.4 Default Data Set
There’s still a default data set function, r_data, in case the functionality of the original random data generation function is missed or if you’re in a hurry and aren’t too picky about the data being generated.
set.seed(10) r_data(1000) ## Source: local data frame [1,000 x 8] ## ## ID Race Age Sex Hour IQ Height Died ## 1 0001 White 32 Female 00:00:00 91 63 FALSE ## 2 0002 White 31 Male 00:00:00 92 69 TRUE ## 3 0003 White 23 Female 00:00:00 94 67 FALSE ## 4 0004 Hispanic 28 Female 00:00:00 102 63 FALSE ## 5 0005 White 29 Female 00:00:00 103 74 TRUE ## 6 0006 White 25 Male 00:00:00 96 68 TRUE ## 7 0007 White 26 Female 00:00:00 115 70 FALSE ## 8 0008 White 23 Male 00:00:00 119 66 TRUE ## 9 0009 White 32 Male 00:00:00 107 74 TRUE ## 10 0010 White 32 Male 00:00:00 104 71 TRUE ## .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
2 Future Direction
Where will the wakefield package go from here? Well this blog post is a measure of public interest. I use it and at this point it lives on GitHub. I’d like interest in two ways: (a) users and (b) contributors. Users make the effort worth while and provide feedback and suggested improvements. Contributors make maintenance easier.
There is one area of improvement I’d like to see in the r_data_frame (r_list) functions. I like that I don’t have to specify an n for each variable/column. I also like that column names are auto generated. I also like that dplyr’s data_frame function allows me to create a variable y based on column x. So I can make columns that are correlated or any function of another column.
p_load(dplyr)
set.seed(10)
dplyr::data_frame(
x = 1:10,
y = x + rnorm(10)
)
## Source: local data frame [10 x 2]
##
## x y
## 1 1 1.018746
## 2 2 1.815747
## 3 3 1.628669
## 4 4 3.400832
## 5 5 5.294545
## 6 6 6.389794
## 7 7 5.791924
## 8 8 7.636324
## 9 9 7.373327
## 10 10 9.743522
The user can use the modular variable functions inside of dplyr::data_frame and have this functionality but the column name and n must explicit be passed to each variable.
set.seed(10)
dplyr::data_frame(
ID = wakefield::id(n=10),
Smokes = smokes(n=10),
Sick = ifelse(Smokes, sample(5:10, 10, TRUE), sample(0:4, 10, TRUE)),
Death = ifelse(Smokes, sample(0:1, 10, TRUE, prob = c(.2, .8)), sample(0:1, 10, TRUE, prob = c(.7, .3)))
)
## Source: local data frame [10 x 4]
##
## ID Smokes Sick Death
## 1 01 FALSE 3 1
## 2 02 FALSE 2 0
## 3 03 FALSE 0 1
## 4 04 FALSE 2 0
## 5 05 FALSE 1 0
## 6 06 FALSE 2 1
## 7 07 FALSE 0 1
## 8 08 FALSE 1 0
## 9 09 FALSE 1 1
## 10 10 FALSE 4 0
I’d like to modify r_data_frame to continue to pass n and extract column names yet have the ability to make columns a function of other columns. Currently this is controlled by the r_list function that r_data_frame wraps.
3 Getting Involved
If you’re interested in getting involved with use or contributing you can:
- Install and use wakefield
- Provide feedback via comments below
- Provide feedback (bugs, improvements, and feature requests) via wakefield’s Issues Page
- Fork from GitHub and give a Pull Request
Thanks for reading, your feedback is welcomed.
*Get the R code for this post HERE
*Get a PDF version this post HERE
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