I wrote a simple Backtesting library to evaluate and analyze Trading Strategies. I will use this library to present the performance of trading strategies that I will study in the next series of posts.

It is very easy to write a simple Backtesting routine in R, for example:

bt.simple <- function(data, signal) 
{
	# lag singal
	signal = Lag(signal, 1)

	# back fill
	signal = na.locf(signal, na.rm = FALSE)
	signal[is.na(signal)] = 0

	# calculate Close-to-Close returns
	ret = ROC(Cl(data))
	ret[1] = 0
	
	# compute stats	
	bt = list()
		bt$ret = ret * signal
		bt$equity = cumprod(1 + bt$ret)    	    	
	return(bt)
}

# Test for bt.simple functions
load.packages('quantmod')
	
# load historical prices from Yahoo Finance
data = getSymbols('SPY', src = 'yahoo', from = '1980-01-01', auto.assign = F)

# Buy & Hold
signal = rep(1, nrow(data))
buy.hold = bt.simple(data, signal)
        
# MA Cross
sma = SMA(Cl(data),200)
signal = ifelse(Cl(data) > sma, 1, 0)
sma.cross = bt.simple(data, signal)
        
# Create a chart showing the strategies perfromance in 2000:2009
dates = '2000::2009'
buy.hold.equity = buy.hold$equity[dates] / as.double(buy.hold$equity[dates][1])
sma.cross.equity = sma.cross$equity[dates] / as.double(sma.cross$equity[dates][1])

chartSeries(buy.hold.equity, TA = c(addTA(sma.cross.equity, on=1, col='red')),	
	theme ='white', yrange = range(buy.hold.equity, sma.cross.equity) )	

The code I implemented in the Systematic Investor Toolbox is a bit longer, but follows the same logic. It provides extra functionality: ability to handle multiple securities, weights or shares backtesting, and customized reporting. Following is a sample code to implement the above strategies using the backtesting library in the Systematic Investor Toolbox:

# Load Systematic Investor Toolbox (SIT)
setInternet2(TRUE)
con = gzcon(url('https://github.com/systematicinvestor/SIT/raw/master/sit.gz', 'rb'))
	source(con)
close(con)

	#*****************************************************************
	# Load historical data
	#****************************************************************** 	
	tickers = spl('SPY')

	data <- new.env()
	getSymbols(tickers, src = 'yahoo', from = '1970-01-01', env = data, auto.assign = T)
	bt.prep(data, align='keep.all', dates='1970::2011')

	#*****************************************************************
	# Code Strategies
	#****************************************************************** 
	prices = data$prices    
	
	# Buy & Hold	
	data$weight[] = 1
	buy.hold = bt.run(data)	

	# MA Cross
	sma = bt.apply(data, function(x) { SMA(Cl(x), 200) } )	
	data$weight[] = NA
		data$weight[] = iif(prices >= sma, 1, 0)
	sma.cross = bt.run(data, trade.summary=T)			

	#*****************************************************************
	# Create Report
	#****************************************************************** 
	plotbt.custom.report(sma.cross, buy.hold)

The bt.prep function merges and aligns all symbols in the data environment. The bt.apply function applies user given function to each symbol in the data environment. The bt.run computes the equity curve of strategy specified by data$weight matrix. The data$weight matrix holds weights (signals) to open/close positions. The plotbt.custom.report function creates the customized report, which can be fined tuned by the user. Here is a sample output:

> buy.hold = bt.run(data)
Performance summary :
        CAGR    Best    Worst
        7.2     14.5    -9.9

> sma.cross = bt.run(data, trade.summary=T)
Performance summary :
        CAGR    Best    Worst
        6.3     5.8     -7.2

The visual performance summary:

The statistical performance summary:

The trade summary:

To view the complete source code for this example, please have a look at the bt.test() function in bt.r at github.