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The function slopeAspect from raster provides the vector field (gradient) from a scalar field stored in a RasterLayer object. The magnitude (slope) and direction (aspect) of the vector field is usually displayed with a set of arrows (e.g. quiver in Matlab). rasterVis includes now a method, vectorplot, to calculate and display this vector field
df <- expand.grid(x=seq(-2, 2, .1), y=seq(-2, 2, .1))
df$z <- with(df, (3*x^2 + y)*exp(-x^2-y^2))
r <- rasterFromXYZ(df)
projection(r) <- CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84")vectorplot(r, par.settings=RdBuTheme)
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